你知道除了中国，其他国家有书法吗？

你知道除了中国，其他国家有书法吗？

很多人觉得只有中国才有书法，其实外国和我们一样也有书法和书法家，由于地理空间以及语言的障碍让我无法了解，现如今互联网让我们扩大了自己的眼界，足不出户就可以了解全世界，而国内目前关于国外书法的资料不多，接下来我将会带大家去外文网站上看看世界上有哪些书法。

首先，我们去全球网络最大且最受欢迎的参考工具书Wikipedia（维基百科），the free encyclopedia（自由的百科全书）看看他们是怎样描述书法。网址：https://en.wikipedia.org.

因为有的朋友说看上去有点吃力，我简单翻译一下。

Calligraphy (书法)

Calligraphy (from Greek: καλλιγραφα) is a visual art related to writing. It is the design and execution of lettering with a broad tip instrument, brush, or other writing instruments. A contemporary calligraphic practice can be defined as "the art of giving form to signs in an expressive, harmonious, and skillful manner".

Calligraphy（来自希腊语：καλλιγραφα）是一种与写作相关的视觉艺术。它是使用尖端较宽的工具，毛笔或其他工具设计和书写字体 。当代书法可以定义为“以富有表现力，和谐，熟练的方式赋予文字的艺术表现形式”。

Modern calligraphy ranges from functional inscriptions and designs to fine-art pieces where the letters may or may not be readable. Classical calligraphy differs from typography and non-classical hand-lettering, though a calligrapher may practice both.

现代书法的范围从功能性碑文题字和精美艺术品的设计，其中字母有些可读，有些甚至不可读。古典书法在排版和非古典手工刻字有些不同，书法家可以练习两者。

Calligraphy continues to flourish in the forms of wedding invitations and event invitations, font design and typography, original hand-lettered logo design, religious art, announcements, graphic design and commissioned calligraphic art, cut stone inscriptions, and memorial documents. It is also used for props and moving images for film and television, testimonials, birth and death certificates, maps, and other written works.

书法继续以婚礼或活动邀请，字体设计和排版，原创手工字母logo设计，宗教艺术，公告，平面设计和委托书法艺术，雕刻和纪念文件的形式蓬勃发展。它还用于电影和电视的道具和动态图像，奖状，出生和死亡证书，地图，和其他书面作品。

Tools（工具）

The principal tools for a calligrapher are the pen and the brush. Calligraphy pens write with nibs that may be flat, round, or pointed. For some decorative purposes, multi-nibbed pens—steel brushes—can be used. However, works have also been created with felt-tip and ballpoint pens, although these works do not employ angled lines. There are some styles of calligraphy, such as Gothic script, that require a stub nib pen.

书法家的主要工具是钢笔和毛笔。书法用的钢笔笔尖有可能是扁平的，圆的或尖的。对于某些装饰用途，可以使用多刃钢笔 - 钢刷。然而，也可以使用签字笔和圆珠笔创造作品，尽管这些作品没有尖锐角度的线条。也有一些书法风格，如哥特式书法，需要平行笔。

Writing ink is usually water-based and is much less viscous than the oil-based inks used in printing. High quality paper, which has good consistency of absorption, enables cleaner lines, although parchment or vellum is often used, as a knife can be used to erase imperfections and a light-box is not needed to allow lines to pass through it. Normally, light boxes and templates are used to achieve straight lines without pencil markings detracting from the work. Ruled paper, either for a light box or direct use, is most often ruled every quarter or half inch, although inch spaces are occasionally used. This is the case with litterea unciales (hence the name), and college-ruled paper often acts as a guideline well.

书写的墨水通常是水性的，比印刷中使用的油性墨水粘性低得多。高质量的纸张，具有良好的吸收性，使线条更清晰，一般经常使用羊皮纸或牛皮纸，可以用刀来擦除瑕疵，不需要灯箱来画线。通常，灯箱和模板可以被用来画直线，这样就不会因为有铅笔标记而损坏作品。无论是灯箱还是直接使用的规范纸，通常每四分之一英寸或半英寸，偶尔也使用一英寸的。这是litterea unciales的情况（因此得名），大学规范的论文也经常以此作为指导。

Common calligraphy pens and brushes are:

常见的书法用笔有：

· Quill 鹅毛笔

· Dip pen 蘸水笔

· Ink brush 墨水笔

· Qalam 芦苇笔

· Fountain pen 钢笔