中国农业大学郭岩课题组综述盐胁迫信号通路国内外研究进展

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作者 | 郭岩，等
来源 | JIPB（jipb1952）

盐胁迫是限制植物生长发育和农业生产的主要环境因子之一。更好地了解介导植物耐盐性的信号转导机制，将有助于研究人员通过分子改良等方法提高作物的耐逆性。近日，中国农业大学郭岩课题组在Journal of Integrative Plant Biology（JIPB）杂志Cell Signaling专刊发表了题为“Unraveling salt stress signaling in plants”的综述文章，对目前植物盐胁迫信号途径国内外的研究进展进行了系统概述。

盐胁迫通常对植物造成离子胁迫、渗透胁迫和次生伤害，特别是氧化胁迫伤害。因此，植物为了适应盐胁迫，其自身需要重建细胞离子、渗透和氧化还原平衡稳态。在过去的二十多年中，科学家们通过遗传和生化等方法揭示了植物耐盐性的信号通路。SOS（Salt Overly Sensitive）信号途径是被发现的植物耐盐性的重要信号通路，该途径主要通过将钠离子排出细胞或区隔化于液泡中，在维持细胞质钠钾离子的稳态中发挥至关重要的作用。

丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（Mitogen-activated protein kinase，MAPK）级联信号通路是生物体内一类重要的Ser/Thr蛋白激酶，它们在介导离子、渗透和氧化还原平衡稳态中都起到了作用。蔗糖非酵解型蛋白激酶2（sucrose nonfermenting 1-related protein kinase 2，SnRK2）是广泛存在于植物中的一类Ser/Thr蛋白激酶，它们参与了植物体内多种信号途径的转导，同时也参与了维持盐胁迫下渗透平衡的调节。该文章对植物响应盐胁迫的信号途径及其调控机制方面的研究进展进行了综述。

郭岩教授课题组的杨永青副教授为本文的第一作者。郭岩教授为本文的通讯作者。该项目得到了国家自然科学基金经费的资助。

Salt stress is a major environmental factor limiting plant growth and productivity. A better understanding of the mechanisms mediating salt resistance will help researchers design ways to improve crop performance under adverse environmental conditions. Salt stress can lead to ionic stress, osmotic stress and secondary stresses, particularly oxidative stress, in plants. Therefore, to adapt to salt stress, plants rely on signals and pathways that re‐establish cellular ionic, osmotic, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis. Over the past two decades, genetic and biochemical analyses have revealed several core stress signaling pathways that participate in salt resistance. The Salt Overly Sensitive signaling pathway plays a key role in maintaining ionic homeostasis, via extruding sodium ions into the apoplast. Mitogen‐activated protein kinase cascades mediate ionic, osmotic, and ROS homeostasis. SnRK2 (sucrose nonfermenting 1‐related protein kinase 2) proteins are involved in maintaining osmotic homeostasis. In this review, we discuss recent progress in identifying the components and pathways involved in the plant's response to salt stress and their regulatory mechanisms. We also review progress in identifying sensors involved in salt‐induced stress signaling in plants.

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