高中英语同源阅读：2018年高考英语全国卷Ⅱ阅读D篇

同源多源小课堂

近年来，高考英语阅读语篇均以外网、外刊为素材来源，而这些素材在选材来源的特征以及改写规律相关方面的研究尚存空白，教学考试杂志社英语研究中心根据历年高考命题趋势，进行同源、多源阅读素材筛选，并探究篇章截取、改写的方法，形成规律性结论。本文在此梳理同源多源语篇概念，并以2018年高考英语全国卷Ⅱ阅读D篇为例，并深度分析命题逻辑、试题本身和解题思路。

备注：更多同源多源详细内容，在“高中英语研究中心”进行查看。

2018年英语全国卷Ⅱ阅读D篇

此篇同源阅读外网来源网址

同源网站：

http://www.readersdigest.ca

原文网址：

http://www.readersdigest.ca/health/relationships/benefits-small-talk

高考阅读语篇&外网原文改写

第一段高考命题原文改写方式：

1

a lift 改为an elevator

2

蓝色字体删去

第二段高考命题原文改写方式：

1

initiate 改为start

2

The experts改为Experts

第三段高考命题原文改写方式：

1

trivial 改为unimportant

2

grease增加词汇解释

3

Every改为Almost every

4

romance改为great love

第四段高考命题原文改写方式：

1

the University of British Columbia改为UBC

2

recruited改为invited

3

interaction增加词汇解释

4

barista改为waiter

5

to be as efficient in its exchanges as possible改为to speak only when necessary

6

emotions改为feelings

7

not改为and

8

9

peripheral增加词汇解释

10

蓝色字体删去

第五段高考命题原文改写方式：

1

nurturing this sense of community改为developing such a sense of belonging

2

cornerstone of civility改为 basis of good manners

高考命题原文改写规律总结

1

简单改写：　

直接截取部分段落；整体无大段改写，只改写几处词汇和句子，无自主撰写内容。

2

具体细节改写：　

【1】段落中词汇替换，将超纲词改易；

【2】将不常见短语替换成常见词；

【3】将复杂句改成简单句；

【4】将长句缩短；

【5】生僻词添加翻译。

3

复杂改写:

【1】截取部分段落后再根据原文重新撰写后面的内容；

【2】将原文段落内容按逻辑顺序翻转重组；

【3】跨段落跨句子合并改写。

高考阅读语篇及命题

We’ve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.

What’s the problem? It’s possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. It’s more likely that none of us start a conversation because it’s awkward and challenging, or we think it’s annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say it’s an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits.

Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can’t forget that deep relationships wouldn’t

even exist if it weren’t for casual conversation. Small talk is the grease(润滑剂) for social communication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast. ＂Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk,＂ he explains. ＂The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.＂

In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to seek out an interaction(互动) with its waiter; the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience. ＂It’s not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband,＂ says Dunn. ＂But interactions with peripheral(边缘的) members of our social network matter for our well-being also.＂

Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk. ＂Small talk is the basis of good manners,＂ he says.

32. What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph?

A. Addiction to smartphones.

B. Inappropriate behaviours in public places.

C. Absence of communication between strangers.

D. Impatience with slow service.

33. What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci?

A. Showing good manners.

B. Relating to other people.

C. Focusing on a topic.

D. Making business deals.

34. What does the coffee-shop study suggest about small talk?

A. It improves family relationships.

B. It raises people’s confidence.

C. It matters as much as a formal talk.

D. It makes people feel good.

35. What is the best title for the text?

A. Conversation Counts

B. Ways of Making Small Talk

C. Benefits of Small Talk

D. Uncomfortable Silence

真题解析

32题【答案】C

一

命题逻辑

考查能力：考查考生依据文中信息进行推理判断的能力

二

试题本身

1

题干分析

<1>命题角度：文章细节信息处命题，以what提问，要求回答段落主要讨论了什么

<2>设问方式：问句类

2

选项分析

<1>正确选项特征：同义转换

<2>干扰项特征：无中生有、以偏概全

<3>选项字数：单个选项5词以内，总词数17个词

<4>选项排列：长短基本一致

三

解题过程

1

解题思维

根据题干，应在第一、二段中寻找主旨相关的关键信息。

2

得分点

"...But the next time you find yourself among strangers."是得分点。

3

易错点/难点

考生对第一段描述的情景熟悉，但语言理解及提炼总结能力不足，容易以偏概全，而误选“沉迷于手机”“公共场所不恰当行为”及“对消极服务的耐心缺失”。

第33题【答案】B

一

命题逻辑

考查能力：获取具体信息

二

试题本身

1

题干分析

<1>命题角度：文章细节信息处命题，以what提问，要求回答Carducci看来闲谈的要旨是什么

<2>设问方式：问句类

2

选项分析

<2>干扰项特征：无中生有

<3>选项字数：单个选项4词以内，总词数14个

三

解题过程

1

解题思维：

根据题干，应在文本中寻找Carducci关于闲谈的信息。

2

得分点：

"...The key to successful small talk is..."是得分点。

3

易错点/难点：

文本中的"...how to connect with others"与选项的"Relating to other people.”信息能否转换。

第34题【答案】D

一

命题逻辑

考查能力：推理判断

二

试题本身

1

题干分析

<1>命题角度：文章细节信息处命题，以what提问，要求回答咖啡店的研究对闲谈的启示。

<2>设问方式：问句类

2

选项分析

<3>选项字数：单个选项8词以内，总词数21个

三

解题过程

1

解题思维：

根据题干，应在文本中寻找咖啡店研究与闲谈的相关信息。

2

得分点：

"...server reported significantly higher positive feelings..."是得分点。

3

易错点/难点：

A项中改善了家人之间的关系错在不仅仅是家人之间，文中主要谈论陌生人之间沟通与交流。

第35题【答案】C

一

命题逻辑

考查能力：主旨大意

二

试题本身

1

题干分析

<1>命题角度：文章细节信息处命题，以what提问，要求回答文章的主旨。

<2>设问方式：问句类

2

选项分析

<2>干扰项特征：以偏概全

<3>选项字数：单个选项5词以内，总词数13个

<4>选项排列：由短到长

三

解题过程

1

解题思维：

根据题干，应在文本中寻找与文章主旨相关的信息。

2

得分点：

"...Experts say it’s an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits."是得分点。

3

易错点/难点：

文本的概括总结能力及选择标题的能力。