星巴克你最爱点的摩卡、拿铁、玛奇朵、卡布奇诺，到底有何区别？

各种款式的咖啡及区别：

Espresso 意式浓缩咖啡

Espresso is coffee of Italian origin, brewed by forcing a small amount of nearly boiling water under pressure (expressing) through finely ground coffee beans. Espresso is generally thicker than coffee brewed by other methods, has a higher concentration of suspended and dissolved solids, and has crema on top.

意式浓缩咖啡起源于意大利，是用少量的沸水在压力下通过磨细的咖啡豆冲泡而成。意式浓缩咖啡通常比其他方法煮出来的咖啡更浓，有更高的悬浮和溶解固体浓度，上面有咖啡油脂。

意式浓缩（Espresso）是一种非常苦（bitter）的咖啡，虽然很受一些人的欢迎，但是也有很多人没有办法直接饮用意式浓缩。所以就出现了给意式浓缩中加新鲜橙汁（fresh orange juice）的喝法。可以中和（neutralize）意式浓缩的苦味。

但更加大众的方法是在espresso中加入牛奶，慢慢地出现了以espresso为基础的众多咖啡饮品。

Cappuccino 卡布奇诺

A cappuccino is an espresso-based coffee drink that originated in Italy, and is traditionally prepared with steamed milk foam.

卡布奇诺是一种以意式浓缩咖啡为基础的咖啡饮料，起源于意大利，传统上是用蒸气打牛奶泡沫制作的。

卡布奇诺（cappuccino）的特点在于其顶部丰盈的奶泡（foam）。一般来说一杯卡布奇诺的结构为1/3的奶泡（foam），1/3的热牛奶（steamed milk）和底部1/3的意式浓缩咖啡（espresso）。在制作时需要加入少许的巧克力粉（chocolate powder）。

Latte 拿铁

A latte is a coffee drink made with espresso and steamed milk.The term as used in English is a shortened form of the Italian caffèe latte, which means "milk coffee". The word is also sometimes spelled latté or lattè in English with different kinds of accent mark.

拿铁是由浓咖啡和蒸牛奶制成的咖啡饮料。这个词在英语中是意大利拿铁咖啡的缩写，意思是“牛奶咖啡”。有时也被拼写成latté或lattè 在英语中有不同的口音标记。

拿铁（latte）作为咖啡中最为常见的的种类也是由意式浓缩（espresso）为基础的。与卡布奇诺（cappuccino）不同的是拿铁咖啡的结构中奶泡（foam）的部分很少。顶部的奶泡很薄的一层。同时，在制作过程中不加入巧克力粉（chocolate powder）。但有可能使用巧克力酱（chocolate sauce）或巧克力粉制作咖啡拉花艺术（latte art）。

拿铁咖啡在现在的发展中也出现了很多变化，其中就包括风味拿铁（flavoured latte）。通过加入不同风味的糖浆（syrup）和粉（powder）。在美国最为受欢迎的是每年下半年才会上市的南瓜拿铁（pumpkin spice latte）。

Latte macchiato 玛奇朵

Latte macchiato is a coffee beverage; the name means stained or marked milk. Marked as in an espresso stain on the milk used. It is a play on “Espresso macchiato” which is an espresso with a drop or two of milk or cream.

拿铁玛奇朵是一种咖啡饮料;这个名字的意思是染色的或有记号的牛奶。用在牛奶上的浓咖啡染色。这是对“意式浓缩玛奇朵咖啡”的一种演绎，意式浓缩咖啡加一两滴牛奶或奶油。

玛奇朵（Latte macchiato）虽然也是由意式浓缩（espresso）为基础并加入热牛奶（steamed milk）所制作的咖啡饮品。但是它与拿铁（latte）咖啡还是存在着区别的。首先容器上是存在区别的。拿铁咖啡是使用一般的茶杯（tea cup）为容器。而玛奇朵则是使用玛奇朵杯（macchiato glass）作为容器。

其次玛奇朵和拿铁的制作顺序不同。拿铁是将热牛奶冲入意式浓缩咖啡中。而玛奇朵是将热牛脑先倒入玛奇朵杯中，然后将意式浓缩倒入牛奶中。这时玛奇朵就会出现明显的分层（layer）。

玛奇朵同样可以通过加入风味糖浆（syrup）来改变其风味。最为常见的是焦糖玛奇朵（Caramel Macchiato）。通过在玛奇朵中加入焦糖风味糖浆（caramel syrup）来使得其出现完全不同的风味。

Caffè mocha 咖啡摩卡

A caffè moch is a chocolate-flavored variant of a caffè latte. The name is derived from the city of Mocha, Yemen, which was one of the centers of early coffee trade. Like a caffè latte, caffè mocha is based on espresso and hot milk but with added chocolate flavoring and sweetener, typically in the form of cocoa powder and sugar. Many varieties use chocolate syrup instead, and some may contain dark or milk chocolate.

摩卡咖啡是咖啡拿铁咖啡的巧克力味变体。这个名字来源于也门的摩卡市，它是早期咖啡贸易的中心之一。就像拿铁咖啡一样，摩卡咖啡的基础是浓缩咖啡和热牛奶，但添加了巧克力调味料和甜味剂，通常是可可粉和糖。许多品种用巧克力糖浆代替，有些可能含有黑巧克力或牛奶巧克力。

Hot chocolate 热可可

Hot chocolate, also known as drinking chocolate, cocoa, and as chocolate tea in Nigeria, is a heated drink consisting of shaved chocolate, melted chocolate or cocoa powder, heated milk or water, and usually a sweetener. Hot chocolate may be topped with whipped cream or marshmallows. Hot chocolate made with melted chocolate is sometimes called drinking chocolate, characterized by less sweetness and a thicker consistency.

热巧克力，在尼日利亚也被称为喝巧克力、可可和巧克力茶，是一种加热饮料，由刨花巧克力、融化的巧克力或可可粉、加热的牛奶或水，通常还有甜味剂组成。热巧克力上面可以加生奶油或棉花糖。用融化的巧克力制成的热巧克力有时被称为饮用巧克力，其特点是甜味较低，粘稠度较厚。

Caffè Americano 美式咖啡

Caffè Americano also known as Americano is a type of coffee drink prepared by diluting an espresso with hot water, giving it a similar strength to, but different flavor from, traditionally brewed coffee. The strength of an Americano varies with the number of shots of espresso and the amount of water added. The name is also spelled with varying capitalization and use of diacritics: e.g., café americano.

美式咖啡(Caffe Americano)也被称为Americano，是一种用热水稀释浓咖啡制成的咖啡饮料，它的强度与传统煮咖啡相似，但味道不同。美式咖啡的烈度随咖啡杯的数量和加水的量而变化。这个名字也有不同的大写字母和变音符的用法:例如，cafe americano。

美式咖啡（Americano）在饮用过程中可以适当加入牛奶。按照个人喜好冷热牛奶都可以加入。而有些人也会倾向于向美式咖啡中加入奶油（cream）。

filter coffee 过滤式咖啡

Brewed coffee is made by pouring hot water onto ground coffee beans, then allowing to brew. There are several methods for doing this, including using a filter, a percolator, and a French press. Terms used for the resulting coffee often reflect the method used, such as drip brewed coffee, filtered coffee, pour-over coffee, immersion brewed coffee, or simply coffee. Water seeps through the ground coffee, absorbing its constituent chemical compounds, and then passes through a filter. The used coffee grounds are retained in the filter, while the brewed coffee is collected in a vessel such as a carafe or pot.

煮咖啡是把热水倒在磨碎的咖啡豆上，然后让它自己煮。有几种方法可以做到这一点，包括使用过滤器、过滤器和法式压机。用于生成咖啡的术语通常反映了所使用的方法，如滴煮咖啡、过滤咖啡、淋过咖啡、浸入式煮咖啡或简单的咖啡。水从咖啡粉中渗出，吸收其中的化学成分，然后通过过滤器。使用过的咖啡渣被保留在过滤器中，而煮好的咖啡则被收集在一个容器中，比如一个杯子或一个壶。

在美国，美式咖啡和过滤式咖啡的区别并不明显。过滤式咖啡因为相对的比较方便且设备价格便宜，为美国家庭的首选咖啡。

Pumpkin spices latte 南瓜拿铁咖啡

The Pumpkin Spice Latte is a coffee drink made with a mix of traditional fall spice flavors, steamed milk, espresso, and often sugar, topped with whipped cream and pumpkin pie spice. Since 2015, it has also contained a small amount of pumpkin puree.

南瓜香料拿铁是一种混合了传统秋季香料、蒸牛奶、浓咖啡和糖的咖啡饮料，上面加了生奶油和南瓜派香料。自2015年以来，它还含有少量的南瓜泥。

香料包括：

Cinnamon /snmn/ n. 樟属的树，肉桂；肉桂色；肉桂皮

Cinnamon is a spice obtained from the inner bark of several tree species from the genus Cinnamomum. Cinnamon is used mainly as an aromatic condiment and flavouring additive in a wide variety of cuisines, sweet and savoury dishes, breakfast cereals, snackfoods, tea and traditional foods.

肉桂是从肉桂属几种树种的树皮中提取的香料。肉桂主要用作芳香调味品和调味添加剂，广泛应用于各种菜肴、甜食和开胃菜、早餐麦片、零食、茶和传统食品中。

nutmeg /'ntmɡ/ n. 肉豆蔻；肉豆蔻种子中的核仁

Nutmeg is the seed or ground spice of several species of the genus Myristica. Myristica fragrans (fragrant nutmeg or true nutmeg) is a dark-leaved evergreen tree cultivated for two spices derived from its fruit: nutmeg, from its seed, and mace, from the seed covering. It is also a commercial source of an essential oil and nutmeg butter.

肉豆蔻是肉豆蔻属几种植物的种子或碎香料。香肉豆蔻(香肉豆蔻或真肉豆蔻)是一种暗叶常绿乔木，其果实中含有两种香料:一种是肉豆蔻籽，另一种是豆蔻籽。它也是一种商业来源的精油和肉豆蔻黄油。

Clove /klov/ n. [植][中医] 丁香

Cloves are the aromatic flower buds of a tree in the family Myrtaceae, Syzygium aromaticum. They are native to the Maluku Islands (or Moluccas) in Indonesia, and are commonly used as a spice. Cloves are available throughout the year due to different harvest seasons in different countries.

丁香是杨梅科植物的芳香花蕾。它们原产于印度尼西亚的马鲁库群岛，通常用作香料。丁香一年四季都有，因为不同的国家有不同的收获季节。

蛋酒拿铁咖啡

Eggnog /ɡnɡ/ n. 蛋酒

Egg nog storically also known (when alcoholic beverages are added) as milk punch or egg milk punch, is a rich, chilled, sweetened, dairy-based beverage. It is traditionally made with milk, cream, sugar, whipped egg whites, and egg yolks (which gives it a frothy texture, and its name). In some contexts, distilled spirits such as brandy, rum, whisky or bourbon are added to the drink.

蛋奶酒，历史上也被称为(添加酒精饮料时)牛奶饮品或蛋奶酒饮品，是一种丰富的、冷冻的、甜的、以牛奶为基础的饮料。传统上，它是由牛奶、奶油、糖、搅打过的蛋白和蛋黄制成的(这赋予了它泡沫的质地和名字)。在某些情况下，蒸馏酒，如白兰地，朗姆酒，威士忌或波旁威士忌被添加到饮料中。

薄荷摩卡

Peppermint /'ppmnt/ n. 薄荷；薄荷油；胡椒薄荷；薄荷糖

Peppermint is a hybrid mint, a cross between watermint and spearmint. Indigenous to Europe and the Middle East, the plant is now widely spread and cultivated in many regions of the world.

胡椒薄荷是一种混合薄荷，介于水薄荷和留兰香薄荷之间。这种植物原产于欧洲和中东，现在在世界许多地区广泛种植。

其他知名连锁咖啡品牌：

Dunkin donuts唐恩都乐

Dunkin' (known as Dunkin' Donuts from 1950 to early 2019, and still known as such to the public) is an American multinational coffee/doughnut company and quick service restaurant. It was founded by William Rosenberg in Quincy, Massachusetts in 1950. The chain was acquired by Baskin-Robbins' holding company Allied Domecq in 1990; its acquisition of the Mister Donut chain and the conversion of that chain to Dunkin' Donuts facilitated the brand's growth in North America that year.

Dunkin'(1950年至2019年初被称为Dunkin' Donuts(唐恩都乐)，至今仍为公众所熟知)是一家美国跨国咖啡/甜甜圈公司和快捷服务餐厅。1950年，威廉·罗森伯格(William Rosenberg)在马萨诸塞州昆西创建了这家公司。1990年，该连锁店被巴斯金-罗宾斯的控股公司Allied Domecq收购;该公司收购了先生甜甜圈连锁店，并将该连锁店转型为唐恩都乐，促进了该品牌当年在北美的增长。

Costa咖世家

Costa Coffee is a British multinational coffeehouse company headquartered in Dunstable, Bedfordshire.

咖世家咖啡是一家英国跨国咖啡公司，总部位于英国贝德福德郡邓斯特布尔。

Costa Coffee was founded in London in 1971 by the Costa family as a wholesale operation supplying roasted coffee to caterers and specialist Italian coffee shops. Acquired by Whitbread in 1995, it was sold in 2019 to The Coca-Cola Company in a deal worth 3.9bn, and has grown to 3,401 stores across 31 countries. The business has 2,121 UK restaurants, over 6,000 Costa Express vending facilities and a further 1,280 outlets overseas (460 in China).

咖世家咖啡由咖世家家族于1971年在伦敦创立，是一家批发企业，向餐饮承办商和意大利专业咖啡店供应烘焙咖啡。该品牌于1995年被惠特布莱德(Whitbread)收购，2019年以39亿英镑的价格出售给可口可乐公司(Coca-Cola Company)，目前在31个国家拥有3401家门店。该公司在英国拥有2121家餐厅，6000多家Costa Express自动售货机，另有1280家海外门店(其中460家在中国)。