基于GC-MS的荆芥和荆芥穗饮片挥发油中化学成分特征分析

荆芥为唇形科一年生草本植物荆芥（Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briq.）的干燥地上部分，其干燥花穗是荆芥穗。荆芥及荆芥穗主产于江苏、河北、江西、湖南、湖北等地。荆芥与荆芥穗味辛，性微温，归肺、肝经，为临床常用的发汗解表药。2015版《中国药典》中以挥发油含量作为评价荆芥和荆芥穗两种饮片质量的一个指标，规定荆芥饮片中挥发油含量不得低于0.003 0 mL/g，荆芥穗饮片中挥发油含量不得低于0.004 0 mL/g。荆芥与荆芥穗的临床使用药理药效差异与其挥发油总含量及种类密切相关，目前关于荆芥与荆芥穗的研究主要侧重于种质资源、挥发油含量及提取方法、药理药效等，而关于荆芥与荆芥穗挥发油成分种类及含量差异还未见报道。Schizonepetae Herba is the dry aboveground part of Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briq which is an annual herb in Labiatae. Schizonepetae Spica is the dry flower spikes of Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briq. Schizonepetae Herba and Schizonepetae Spica are mainly produced in Jiangsu, Hebei, Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei and other places, which are pungent in taste, slightly warm in nature, and belong to the lung and liver meridians, and are commonly used clinically for relieving symptoms by sweating. The 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia takes the content of volatile oil as an index to evaluate the quality of Schizonepetae Herba and Schizonepetae Spica which stipulates that the content of volatile oil in Schizonepetae Herba and Schizonepetae Spica shall not be less than 0.003 0 mL/g and 0.004 0 mL/g. At present, the research on Schizonepetae Herba and Schizonepetae Spica mainly focuses on germplasm resources, volatile oil content, extraction methods and pharmacological efficacy, etc., while the difference in the composition and content of volatile oil between has not been reported.

来自河南中医药大学的雷敬卫及其团队通过利用GC-MS法分析不同来源荆芥和荆芥穗饮片中挥发油含量与成分特征。结果发现，荆芥中挥发油总含量普遍低于荆芥穗，荆芥和荆芥穗挥发油含量的差异达极显著水平；荆芥中挥发油成分种类多于荆芥穗，荆芥与荆芥穗挥发油成分特征存在差异，各自聚为一类；OPLS-DA结果结合t检验共筛选出薄荷酮、异胡薄荷酮、β-石竹烯、柠檬烯、β-蒎烯、胡薄荷酮、香芹醇、顺-p-2,8-薄荷二烯醇、1-辛烯-3-醇、4-异丙烯基甲苯10种引起两种饮片差异的主要代谢标志物。Jingwei Lei and his team from Henan University of Chinese Medicine analyzed the volatile oil content and compositional characteristics of different sources of Schizonepetae Herba and Schizonepetae Spica by using GC-MS method. The result shows that the total content of volatile oil in Schizonepetae Herba is generally lower than Schizonepetae Spica, and it is extremely significant that the content of volatile oil in Schizonepetae Herba and Schizonepetae Spica is different. Moreover, the kind of volatile oil in Schizonepetae Herba is more than that in Schizonepetae Spica. Schizonepetae Herba and Schizonepetae Spica are differences in composition characteristics, and they are grouped into one category, respectively. The OPLS-DA results combined with t-test indicates that there are 10 kinds of main metabolic markers including menthone, isopulegone, β-caryophyllene, limonene, β-pinene, pulegone, carvol, cis-p-2,8-menthol, 1-octene-3-ol and 4-isopropenyl toluene that cause the difference between the two pieces of decoction.
相关研究由程梦娟，耿晓桐，龚海燕等完成，研究结果发表于《天然产物研究与开发》2021年33卷第3期，双语版已上线。The related research was completed by Cheng Meng-juan, Geng Xiao-tong, Gong Hai-yan. Results are published in the 33rd volume, 3rd issue of Natural Products Research and Development, 2021. The bilingual version has been launched.
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