23考研外刊阅读《新科学家》双语精读版训练--热带城市污染导致人口早亡

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上期翻译答案

The accountswere engaged in“coordinated inauthentic behavior,” which included posting content that argued not all deforestation was harmful, and which criticized “legitimate environmental NGOs who spoke out against deforestation in the Amazon,” the Meta report says.

Meta报告称，这些账号“有组织地散布谣言”，包括发表言论辩称并非所有的森林砍伐都是有害的，并批评“公开反对亚马逊森林砍伐的合法环保非政府组织”。

《本期内容》

双语阅读

Some 470,000 people in cities near the equator died prematurely in 2018 because of air pollution, an analysis suggests. As the cities are expected to grow rapidly this century, the problem could become worse without new measures to reduce the pollution.

一项分析显示，2018年，赤道附近城市约有47万人因空气污染而过早死亡。城市在本世纪快速发展，如果没有减少污染的新措施，上述问题可能会变得更糟。

Karn Vohra at University College London and his colleagues analysed the rise infine particulate pollutionin 46 tropical cities, including Mumbai, Dhaka and Lagos, each of which is expected to have more than 10 million inhabitants by 2100. The researchers looked at satellite data collected between 2005 and 2018 by NASA and the European Space Agency.

伦敦大学学院的卡恩·沃赫拉和他的同事分析了包括孟买、达卡和拉各斯在内的46个热带城市的细颗粒物污染增加情况，预计到2100年，这些城市的居民都将超过1000万。研究人员调查了美国国家航空航天局和欧洲航天局在2005年至2018年间收集的卫星数据。

They were able todecipherthe long-term trends in fine particulate pollution in the air above each city by looking at how sunlight was scattered by the particles.From this, they found there was a 1.5-to-fourfold increase in this pollution for 33 of the cities during the study period. Vohra says this rise is probably caused by increases in road traffic, refuse burning and the household use ofcharcoal.

通过观察太阳光被颗粒物散射的方式，研究人员解读出每个城市上空空气中细颗粒物污染的长期趋势。上述研究表明，在此研究覆盖的时间段内，33座热带城市的细颗粒物污染程度是原来的1.5到4倍。沃赫拉说，这种增长可能是由于道路交通、垃圾燃烧和家用木炭的增加造成的。

The research indicates that Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, had the largest increase in premature deaths from air pollution during the study period. Between 2005 and 2018, about 24,000 more people in the city may have died prematurely because of air pollution.

研究表明，在研究期间，孟加拉国首都达卡因空气污染导致的过早死亡增加最多。在2005年至2018年期间，该市约有2.4万人因空气污染而过早死亡。

The problem is worsening, both because more pollution is being generated and because the cities are growing. The research suggests that, across thetropics, there has been a 62 per cent increase in the number of premature deaths due to air pollution exposure between 2005 and 2018. Vohra says even more people will die prematurely unless solutions are found. “Even if air quality is unchanged, urban population is increasing in all cities in the tropics, so this will inevitably increase urban exposure,” he says.

这个问题正在恶化，既因为污染越来越严重，而且也因为城市在扩张。翻译划线句，长按文末小程序码打卡，答案下期公布~沃赫拉说，除非找到解决办法，否则会有更多的人过早死亡。他说：“即使空气质量没有改变，热带地区所有城市的城市人口都在增加，因此这将不可避免地加重城市人口暴露于污染源下的情况。”

本文节选自：The Washington Post（华盛顿邮报）

发布时间：2022.04.12

作者：Gearoid Reidy

原文标题：Tokyo’s Tearing Down an Iconic Building. That’s a Good Thing.

词汇积累

1.decipher

英 [dɪˈsaɪfə(r)] 美 [dɪˈsaɪfər]

v. 破译，辨认（难认、难解的东西）；理解（神秘或难懂的事物）

2.charcoal

英 [ˈtʃɑːkəʊl] 美 [ˈtʃɑːrkoʊl]

n. 木炭；（绘画用的）炭笔，木炭条；木炭画；深灰色

adj. 炭黑色的，灰黑色的

v. 用木炭条绘画

3.tropic

英 [ˈtrɒpɪk] 美 [ˈtrɑːpɪk]

n. 热带，热带地区（the tropics）；回归线；（天文）天球的回归线

adj. 热带的（同 tropical）；向性的，亲……的；（激素或其作用）向性的，刺激另一内分泌腺活动的（同 trophic）

词组搭配

1.fine particulate pollution 细微颗粒物污染

写作句总结

原句：The research indicates that Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, had the largest increase in premature deaths from air pollution during the study period.

结构：The research indicates that A had the largest increase in B from C during D.

例句：The research indicates that this community had the largest increase in vaccination from the group immunization program during the pendemic.

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