全球院士论坛 | 剑桥大学终身讲席教授解读青少年在学习中应掌握的四种能力

世界级院士云集

顶尖名校汇聚

青少年科研盛典

2022年9月30日，由京领主办、北京德闳学校协办的2022京领全球院士论坛暨青少年科研论坛圆满落幕。

1位诺奖得主，7位来自哈佛大学、剑桥大学、牛津大学的院士、教授围绕“创新人才培养与科研素养提升”等话题，为与会嘉宾带来了一场科研与创新盛宴。

在与会嘉宾的一同见证下，剑桥大学工程学终身正教授、剑桥大学工程学院前院长、英国皇家工程院院士——卡德维尔教授公布了青少年科研论文奖项、“中国国际学校科研强校”、“中国国际学校科研实验校”获奖名单。

来自北京德闳学校、北京师范大学附属实验中学国际部、北京中学国际部、中国人民大学附属中学、北京四中国际校区、北京一零一中学国际部、北大附中道尔顿学院、北京市鼎石学校、北京市私立汇佳学校、北京京西学校的10名获奖学子带来了精彩的演讲。

01

全球院士论坛简介

京领全球院士论坛由京领与来自哈佛大学、剑桥大学、牛津大学等多领域学者专家共同发起，秉持教育让人生更美好的初心，以培养国际化创新性人才为使命，依托百余位来自以哈佛大学为代表的藤校终身正教授以及以剑桥大学、牛津大学为代表的名校教授，打造全球领先的青少年科研平台，点燃青少年对创新和科研的热情，让更多学校培养出具有科研素养的学生，让社会涌现出更多具备国际化创新性人才素养的年轻人。

02

主旨演讲回顾

在本次全球院士论坛暨青少年科研论坛，京领邀请8位包括诺贝尔奖得主与来自哈佛大学、剑桥大学、牛津大学的教授在内的院士、教授作为论坛顾问与组委会成员代表，围绕“创新人才培养与科研素养提升”等话题进行了精彩演讲，教授们也对获奖学生、学校表示祝贺。

8位包括诺贝尔奖得主与来自哈佛大学、剑桥大学、

牛津大学的教授在内的院士、教授发表演讲

剑桥大学终身讲席教授、英国科学院院士——弗利教授受邀在全球院士论坛暨青少年科研论坛上发表了精彩演讲。

嘉宾介绍

弗利教授

Prof. Foley

剑桥大学终身讲席教授

英国科学院院士

弗利教授是剑桥大学人类演化终身讲席教授、剑桥大学人类演化中心主任、英国科学院院士。教授自1982年起始任英国皇家人类学研究所研究员，目前担任英国皇家人类学研究所副所长。同时，教授也是哥本哈根大学地球遗传学客座教授、英国古生物学协会会员、伦敦林奈学会会员。

弗利教授结合自己的研究经历，为同学们分享了四个建议，那就是，要学会思考与分析；学会“提出问题”及“保持好奇心”；学会将跨学科的知识、领域相关联，并始终保持善良。

以下为弗利教授的演讲内容：

大家好，欢迎来到2022年全球院士论坛。我是弗利教授，我是剑桥大学的人类演化学教授，也是莱弗休姆智能未来中心的联合创始人。同时，我还是国王学院的一员，以及阿兰·图灵研究所的一名研究员。

我很高兴能出席此次盛会，并与你们分享如此重要的时刻。祝贺所有获奖者，对你们和你们的老师和学校来说，这都是十分伟大的成就。此次获奖不仅是你们用努力换来的回报，还为你们提供了思考的机会：思考你是如何走到这一步的，思考你如何才能走得更远。展望未来，你也可以思考如何才能更认真、更创造性地工作，如何克服困难，如何把握机遇，如何对周围的一切都充满好奇。我希望此次获奖能够点燃你们对于创造的激情，让你们在大学中继续表现优异，在科学、艺术、医疗保健和工业领域都表现优异。

什么是人类演化？

当你开始你的旅程的时候，我也在继续我的旅程，也许我可以将我在旅程中学到的东西分享给你们。我的研究领域是人类演化。你可能会认为这类研究只是仰仗于好运气来发现一些记录着人类历史的化石。这当然很重要，我也做了我该做的。

大部分时候，我都在非洲工作，尤其是在肯尼亚。东非被认为是人类演化中的创新最经常发生的地方。在这里，我们的祖先与黑猩猩走向了不同的进化路线；在这里，我们的祖先学会了用两条腿直立行走；在这里，我们智人进化。这里是人类的摇篮。我很幸运，因为我可以花多年时间对这个摇篮进行研究。

致青少年的三堂课：

思考、追问、跳出舒适圈

人类演化是以领域为基础的科学。在科学领域，没有什么能与领域内的发现、恶劣条件带来的挑战，以及与当地社区合作带来的兴趣相媲美。运气在所有科学的研究中都有作用。在人类演化研究中，你越是思考人类演化何时、何地、怎样发生的，就会越幸运。这是第一课：你必须通过思考自己正在做什么来获得运气。

如果我们找到化石之后就只将化石放在博物馆里，那我们就什么都学不到。学习取决于如何分析我们的发现。无论是寻找化石、观察动物行为、绘制气候变化图、发现病毒的分子结构，还是观察天体和星系，分析都是探索世界运转方式的方法。你们都很幸运，因为在你们开始旅程的时候，世界上已经拥有了很多强大的分析工具，比如可以瞬间分析大量数据的超级计算机。我在开始旅程的时候，只能依靠手动计算器和老式大型机。你们可以通过显微镜观察原子，通过望远镜观察宇宙。

你可能会想，通过这些强大的工具，你会有新的发现。但数据会告诉你，不会。你可以听一整天，但你什么都不会听出来，因为新奇和新发现都始于提出问题。你需要用一个问题来探测数据，你可以将它称为假设。为什么有些恒星富含锌，有些富含镁？为什么雄性动物会杀死幼崽？尼安德特人的头骨在成年前后有什么不同？为什么创新、发现和理解来自西方？不知疲倦地反复追问，这是第二课。这已经超越了科学，你要做的不是被动，而是积极主动地处理问题。要有好奇心，要有挑战精神。正如那句英国谚语所说：好奇害死猫，但知道真相的满足感又令它起死回生。

你们还在学校，并且即将前往大学。你们在数学、化学、历史等学科中都习惯于思考，你们会选择一门学科继续学习，最终你们可能会成为物理学家或者经济学家。在旅程开始的时候，我成为了一名考古学家——这意味着我要去挖东西。但很快我就发现，我挖出来的是环境的一部分，所以我成为了一名生态学家。然后我意识到，我研究的人类和动物都进化了，所以我成为了一名演化学家。然后我发现进化的是人类的大脑和行为，所以我成为了心理学家和行为生态学家。后来人们发现可以通过基因来追溯进化，所以我成为了一名遗传学家。当然，我并没有成为这些专家中的一名，但我必须要了解这些领域，并与这些领域中的专家合作。

我发现，尽管学科能够给你专业化的力量，但它们也约束了你的思想。如果说我学到了什么，那就是在学术中，在大学中，创新与跨学科学习息息相关，创新发生在不同学科之间的交叉点上。比如新冠病毒，我们对它的认知来自进化生物学，动物学、心理学、人类行为学也与它有关。所以，不管你喜欢的学科有多舒适，也不要成为这一舒适圈的囚徒，这是第三课。

致青少年的两条建议：

注重沟通、保持善良

你们都是有才华的、成功的学生，你们前途无量，你们可能拥有比大多数人都要丰富的知识，这是件好事，但它也带来了责任：你们必须把你们的知识和对知识的理解传递给别人，无论是传递给诺贝尔奖得主还是传递给你的祖母——假设你的祖母不是诺贝尔奖得主。你必须沟通，让所有人都能理解你的意思。如果科学被锁在你的脑海里，那它就是无意义的；如果你将科学传达给别人，那它就是有意义的。

在我的职业生涯中，我学到了一件事，那就是清晰的文字和清晰的语言能够让工作更加高效、更加有活力。当然，你还会发现许多其他有用、有趣、刺激的事情，但这将是积极思考问题的良好开端。保持好奇，不要成为你知识的舒适区的囚徒。广泛而充满希望地交流，享受一切，享受你所做的一切。

还有一件事：善良。现在所有的工作都需要合作，单独发现化石或单独完成工作早已成为了过去，我们如果想完成工作，就需要团队合作。尽管团队合作中有竞争的成分，但我们在工作中应该保持善良和温柔，既是因为这是一件好事，也是因为团队合作需要信任，而信任来自于你从同事那里得到的善意。

我的讲话到此为止。再次祝贺获奖的学生，祝你们在今后的旅程中保持好运。预祝此次盛会取得圆满成功，希望每个人都能从此次盛会中得到启发。谢谢。

以下为弗利教授的演讲原文：

Hello. Welcome to the Global Academician Forum. Let me first introduce myself. I'm Foley, and I'm the Professor of Human Evolution at the University of Cambridge, and I also cofounded the Leverhulme Center for Human Evolutionary Studies at Cambridge. I'm also a fellow of King's College there, and a fellow of the Alan Turing Institute in London, the U.K.’s leading data science center.

I am delighted to be here to share this important occasion with you. Many congratulations to all the winners who have received awards. These are great achievements, both for you individually and for the teachers and schools that supported you.

Prizes are great rewards for what you have achieved, but they are also a precious opportunity to think about how you have come this far and how to go further. Still, looking forward, you can think how best to work seriously and creatively, how to overcome difficulties and challenges, how to grasp opportunities, and how to be inquisitive about all around you. I hope these awards and honors will ignite your passion for innovation and creativity and motivate you to excel as you go to universities, to science, to arts, to health care or to industry.

What is Human Evolution?

While you are at the start of your journey, I am fairly will advance to long mine, and I can perhaps pass on some lessons I have learned along that journey. My field of research is human evolutionary studies. You might think that that is a matter of being lucky and finding lots of fossils that map the history of our species. That is certainly important, and I have done my fair share of that.

Most of my work has been in Africa, and in Kenya in particular. East Africa is thought to be the place where most of the innovations in human evolution took place, where our ancestors split from those of chimpanzees, where our ancestors first walked upright on two legs, and where both are genus Homer and our species, homo sapiens, evolved. It is the cradle of humanity. I've been lucky enough to have spent many years exploring that cradle.

Three Tlasses for Teenagers:

Thinking, Questioning,

Jumping Out of the Comfort Zone

The study of human evolution is a field-based science, and there is nothing in science to match the excitement of discovery in the field, the challenges of working in husk harsh conditions, and the pleasure of working with the local communities on whom we depend. And as in any science, luck does play a part. But the more you think about the problem, such as where, when and how humans evolved, in my case, the luckier you are.That is the first lesson you have to make your luck by thinking about what it is you are doing.

If we found fossils and just put them in a museum, we would have learned nothing. Learning depends on how we analyze what we find. This is true whether we are recovering fossils, observing animal behavior, mapping climate change, discovering the molecular structure of viruses, or observing the stars and galaxies, analysis is where we really find out how the world works. And you are all very lucky to be starting your journey at a time when the most wonderful tools are available for analysis, such as supercomputers that can analyze vast amounts of data in an instant. When I started, we just had hand calculators and big old mainframes. There are microscopes that can see atoms, telescopes that can see the birth of the universe and so much more.

And you might think if you look at enough of these rich data from these amazing tools, you will learn something new that the data will speak to you, but they won't. You can listen all day and you will hear nothing. That is because the real source of novelty and discovery is to ask questions. Always probe the data with a question. Call it a hypothesis, if you want, and it will give you answers. Why are some stars rich in zinc, others in magnesium? Why does a male line kill its cubs? How does a Neanderthal skull differ from hours? And why innovation, discovery and understanding comes from west?Restless and repeated questioning. That is my second lesson for you, which more broadly put going well beyond the sciences and across, all you do is to approach problems positively and actively, not passively. Be curious, challenging and inquisitive. As the English proverb goes, curiosity killed the cat, but satisfaction brought it back.

When I started, I became an archaeologist, and that meant digging up things, but I very soon found out that what I dug up was part of an environment, and so I became an ecologist. Then I realized the animals and humans I was studying had evolved, so I became an evolutionary biologist. Then we discovered that what evolved in humans was their brains and their behavior, so I became a psychologist and a behavioral ecologist. Then people discovered you could trace evolution through genes. So I became a geneticist. Of course, I did’t actually become any of these things, but I had to learn about each of these fields and collaborate with people from those disciplines.

I discovered that while disciplines gave you the strength of specialization, they also give you boundaries to your thoughts and questions. If I have learned anything, it is that success in academic life, in universities, in elsewhere, comes from being interdisciplinary, working across those boundaries. It is in the intersections between known fields of studies that innovation and novelty occurs.

Look at the covid virus. Our knowledge of it comes from bringing in evolutionary biology, racking the phylogeny of the different variants, and matching that with the details of molecular biology, and with zoology, and even psychology and human behavior. Sodo not be a prisoner of your favorite discipline, no matter how much more comfortable it is. That is my third lesson.

Two Suggestions for Teenagers:

Focus On Communication

and Maintain Kindness

You are all very talented and successful students with glorious careers ahead of you. You probably already know more than most people. While that is wonderful, it also brings with it a responsibility. That responsibility is to be able to communicate that knowledge and understanding to all, whether it is to a Nobel Prize winner or your grandmother, assuming your grandmother isn't also a Nobel Prize winner, we must be able to communicate to make people understand. Science is not good if it is just locked up in your brain, but becomes valuable when it is spread widely.

We only have to watch the climate crisis to know thatI have learned over my career that writing clearly and speaking simply brings ones work alive and makes it relevant.Of course, there are many other things you will find useful, interesting and stimulating, but this would be a good start actively to think about things. Be curious and inquisitive. Do not be a prisoner of your comfort zones of knowledge. Communicate widely and hopefully， enjoy it all and have fun in what you do.

I will add one more, and that is to be kind.All work now is collaborative. The lone discover of fossils or anything else for that matter has gone, and we are all dependent upon others. Work in teams, cooperate. There is often an element of competition in this. But we should always work with gentleness and kindness. Why? Well, because it's nice, of course, but more importantly, because collaboration and teamwork requires trust, and trust comes from that kindness you get from the people you work with closely.

That is more than enough from me. Once again, many congratulations on what you have achieved. Good luck with the next stages of the journey. And I hope this forum will be a great success and an inspiration to all. Thank you.

03

获奖名单揭晓

京领全球院士论坛暨青少年科研论坛为点燃青少年对于科研创新的热情、提升青少年科研素养与能力，为青少年提供科研成果的展示平台，组委会以人文社科、经济管理、科学、信息工程、医药健康、艺术设计六大学科，面向来全球的青少年征集科研论文。

论坛组委会基于世界通行的学术标准，包括论文选题、研究价值、研究方法、论证分析、文献引用以及原创性，对论文进行了严谨的评审。经过论坛组委会的评审，在此次论坛上，卡德维尔教授隆重公布了！

04

新一年论文征集报名开始

2023年，京领将再度主办全球院士论坛暨青少年科研论坛。以诺奖得主、哈佛牛剑终身正教授、海外世界级院士组成论坛委员会，将以人文社科、经济管理、科学、信息工程、医药健康、艺术设计在内的六大学科方向面向全国青少年征集论文！

组委会将在六大学科中分别评选出青少年最佳论文奖：

• Grand Prize 特等奖

• First Place 一等奖

• Second Place 二等奖

• Third Place 三等奖

• Merit Award 优秀奖

根据学生获奖情况，获奖学生所在的国际学校将获由组委会颁发的“中国国际学校科研强校”、“中国国际学校科研实验校”荣誉，目前报名通道已经开启。

论文征集报名通道

●方法一：扫描下方二维码报名

●方法二：复制下方网址至浏览器

https://kingleadies.com/callforpaper.html

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