外刊精读 | 世卫组织将在非洲推广世界首款疟疾疫苗

今天是小芳老师陪你精读外刊的第10天

读前想想，下面内容用英语怎么说？

1. 疟疾 2. 疫苗 3. 流行病 4. 免疫

第一步：泛读原文（盲听1遍，泛读1遍，对照文本听1遍）

The World Health Organization (WHO) announced the next step in its release of the world’s first approved malaria vaccine. The release is expected to take place in three African countries: Ghana, Kenya and Malawi. But the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, a vaccine supporter, has said it has concerns. WHO said last fall the vaccine was a “historic” development in efforts to control malaria. But the Gates Foundation told The Associated Press this week that it will no longer financially support the vaccine.

Some scientists warn the decision could leave millions of African children at risk. It could also weaken future efforts to solve difficult problems in public health. The vaccine is called Mosquirix and is sold by GlaxoSmithKline (GSK). It is about 30 percent effective and requires four doses. The malaria vaccine has “a much lower efficacy than we would like,” said Philip Welkhoff. He is the Gates Foundation's director of malaria programs.

The foundation is ending its support after spending more than $200 million and working more than 20 years to get the vaccine. Welkhoff also said the vaccine is too costly and difficult to provide. Welkhoff said the foundation's money would be better spent on other malaria vaccines and treatments. Some of the resources that might have gone into providing the vaccine to countries have been redirected to buy new mosquito nets.

Alister Craig is with the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine. “It’s not the greatest vaccine in the world, but there are ways of using it that could have a big impact,” he said. The worldwide COVID-19 pandemic hurt efforts to stop malaria. Malaria killed more than 620,000 people in 2020 and caused 241 million cases, mainly in children under five in Africa, Craig said. “There could be another vaccine approved in about five years, but that’s a lot of lives lost if we wait until then,” Craig said.

There is another vaccine currently being developed by Oxford University. BioNTech, creator of the Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine, also plans to use the messenger RNA technology it used for the coronavirus for a malaria shot. But that project has just begun. Another big problem is production. GSK said it can only produce about 15 million injections per year until 2028. WHO estimates that to protect the 25 million children born in Africa every year, at least 100 million doses every year might be needed. “All the money in the world” would not help the vaccine's short-term supply problems, said Welkhoff. He noted that the Gates Foundation continues to support the Gavi vaccine alliance. Gavi said it is spending nearly $156 million to make the vaccine available in the three African countries.

The vaccine, even with its problems, is still greatly desired in Malawi. Nolia Zidana said she hopes to get her two young sons the shot after seeing malaria sicken them several times — and surviving it herself. “Growing up with my parents and siblings, we have been sick from malaria all the time,” she said. Dr. Michael Kayange is with Malawi's Ministry of Health. He urged everyone in the country to take whatever measures they can to stop malaria. Immunization itself is unable to stop the disease and people should take many measures, he said. “Even just by sleeping under a mosquito net, you have played your role in reducing the malaria burden in the country,” he said.

第二步：精读原文（精读1遍，对照文本听1遍，精读1遍）

读原文（精读1遍，对照文本听1遍）

01

The World Health Organization (WHO) announced the next step in its release of the world’s first approvedmalariavaccine. The release is expected to take place in three African countries: Ghana, Kenya and Malawi. But the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation,a vaccine supporter, has said it has concerns. WHO said last fall the vaccine was a “historic” development in efforts to control malaria. But the Gates Foundation told The Associated Press this week that it will no longerfinanciallysupport the vaccine.

1.malaria: 疟疾

2.a vaccine supporter: 同位语，指的是前面的Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation

3.financially: 副词修饰support，经济上（支持）

翻译：世界卫生组织宣布其发放世界上第一批获得批准的疟疾疫苗的下一步行动。预计将在三个非洲国家发放疟疾疫苗：加纳、肯尼亚和马拉维。但疫苗支持者比尔及梅琳达·盖茨基金会表示，他们对此表示担忧。世卫组织表示，去年秋天，该疫苗在控制疟疾上取得了“历史性”的进展。但比尔及梅琳达·盖茨基金会本周告诉美联社，它将不再为该疫苗提供资金支持。

02

Some scientists warn the decision could leave millions of African children at risk. It could also weaken future efforts to solve difficult problems in public health. Thevaccineis called Mosquirix and is sold by GlaxoSmithKline (GSK). It is about 30 percent effective and requires fourdoses. The malaria vaccine has “a much lowerefficacythan we would like,” said Philip Welkhoff. He is the Gates Foundation's director of malaria programs.

1.vaccine: 疫苗

2.dose: 剂量, e.g. daily dose 日剂量

3.efficacy: (尤指药物或治疗方法的)功效, 等同于 effectiveness, e.g. They recently ran a series of tests to measure the efficacy of the drug. 他们最近进行了一系列的试验来检测这种药的功效。

翻译：一些科学家警告称，这一决定可能会让数百万非洲儿童面临危险。这还可能会削弱未来解决公共卫生难题的努力。这种疫苗名为Mosquirix，由英国葛兰素史克公司销售。它的有效率约为30%，需要四剂。菲利普·韦尔克霍夫说，这种疟疾疫苗的有效率“比我们想要达到的有效率要低得多”。他是比尔及梅琳达·盖茨基金会疟疾项目的负责人。

03

The foundation is ending its support after spending more than $200 million and working more than 20 years to get the vaccine. Welkhoff also said the vaccine is toocostlyand difficult to provide. Welkhoff said the foundation's money would be better spent on other malaria vaccines and treatments. Some of the resources that might have gone into providing the vaccine to countries have beenredirected to buy new mosquito nets.

1.costly: costing a lot of money, especially more than you want to pay 花钱多的, 等于expensive, e.g. Buying new furniture may prove too costly. 购买新家具可能会花钱太多。

2.redirect: (以新的方式或目的)重新使用, e.g. Resources are being redirected to this important new project. 这一重要的新项目重新调配了资源。

翻译：在为获得该疫苗投入2亿多美元资金且努力了20多年后，该基金会将结束其对该疫苗的支持。韦尔克霍夫还表示，该疫苗成本太高，难以提供。韦尔克霍夫说，该基金会的钱应该更好地用于其他疟疾疫苗和治疗方法。一些本可用于向各国提供疫苗的资源已被用于购买新的蚊帐。

04

Alister Craigis withtheLiverpool School of Tropical Medicine. “It’s not the greatest vaccine in the world, but there are ways of using it that couldhave a big impact,” he said. The worldwide COVID-19pandemichurt efforts to stop malaria. Malaria killed more than 620,000 people in 2020 and caused 241 million cases, mainly in children under five in Africa, Craig said. “There could be another vaccine approved in about five years, but that’s a lot of lives lost if we wait until then,” Craig said.

1. with: 小词大用，employed by表示就职于

2.Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine: 一所英国集科研和教学为一体，致力于从事一直被忽视的热带疾病及传染病的高等教育机构。

3.pandemic: a disease that spreads over a whole country or the whole world (全国或全球性)流行病；大流行病

翻译：阿里斯特·克雷格就职于利物浦热带医学院。他说：“这不是世界上最好的疫苗，但有一些使用它的方法可能会产生很大的影响”。新冠疫情在全球范围内的爆发减缓了消除疟疾的进展。克雷格说，2020年，疟疾导致超过62万人死亡，造成2.41亿病例，主要是非洲五岁以下儿童。克雷格说：“大约五年后可能会有另一种疫苗获得批准，但如果我们等到那时，很多人就会失去生命。"

05

There is another vaccine currently being developed by Oxford University. BioNTech,creator of the Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine, also plans to use the messengerRNA technologythat it used for the coronavirus for a malaria shot. But that project has just begun. Another big problem is production. GSK said it can only produce about 15 millioninjections per year until 2028. WHOestimates that to protect the 25 million children born in Africa every year, at least 100 million doses every year might be needed. “All the money in the world” would not help the vaccine's short-term supply problems, said Welkhoff. He noted that the Gates Foundation continues to support the Gavi vaccine alliance. Gavi said it is spending nearly $156 million to make the vaccine available in the three African countries.

1.creator of the Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine: 同位语，指BioTech

2.RNA technology: 核糖核酸（缩写为RNA，即Ribonucleic Acid），存在于生物细胞以及部分病毒、类病毒中的遗传信息载体。

3.injection: 注射, e.g. to give sb an injection 给某人打针

4.estimate: 估算, e.g., The satellite will cost an estimated £400 million. 这颗衞星估计要耗资 4 亿英镑

翻译：牛津大学目前正在研发另一种疫苗。辉瑞新冠疫苗的开发公司德国生物新技术公司也计划使用它用于新冠病毒的信使核糖核酸技术来研发疟疾疫苗。但这个项目才刚刚开始。另一个大问题是生产。英国葛兰素史克公司表示，在2028年之前，它每年只能生产约1500万剂疫苗。世卫组织估计，为了保护每年在非洲出生的2500万名儿童，每年可能需要至少1亿剂疫苗。“全世界所有的钱”都无法解决该疫苗的短期供应问题，韦尔克霍夫说。他指出，比尔及梅琳达·盖茨基金会继续支持全球疫苗免疫联盟。全球疫苗免疫联盟表示，它将花费近1.56亿美元在这三个非洲国家提供疫苗。

06

The vaccine, even with its problems, is still greatly desired in Malawi. Nolia Zidana said she hopes to get her two young sons the shot after seeing malariasickenthem several times — and surviving it herself. “Growing up with my parents andsiblings, we have been sick from malaria all the time,” she said. Dr. Michael Kayangeis withMalawi's Ministry of Health. He urged everyone in the country to take whatever measures they can to stop malaria.Immunizationitself is unable to stop the disease and people should take many measures, he said. “Even just by sleeping under a mosquito net, you have played your role in reducing the malaria burden in the country,” he said.

1.sicken: 致病（正式）, en 表动词后缀，e.g. Many people sickened and died on the long voyage.

2.sibling: 兄弟姐妹

3.Immunization: 免疫, e.g. an immunization programme to prevent epidemics 防止流行病的免疫注射方案

翻译：尽管这种疫苗存在问题，但马拉维仍然非常需要它。诺莉娅·齐达纳说，她目睹了她的两个年幼的儿子数次感染疟疾，她自己也在感染疟疾后幸存下来，因此她希望能给他们注射疫苗。她说：“我在父母、兄弟姐妹的陪伴下长大，我们一直患有疟疾”。迈克尔·卡扬格博士就职于马拉维卫生部。他敦促该国所有人采取一切可能的措施来遏制疟疾。他说，免疫接种本身无法遏制这种疾病，人们应该采取许多措施。他说：“即使只是睡在蚊帐下，你也在减轻该国的疟疾负担方面发挥了作用”。

I’m Dan Novak.

丹·诺瓦克为您播报。

第三步：回答问题（评论区回答问题）

Reading Questions：

1. Which counties will get the world’s first approvedmalariavaccine?

2. How many years did the Gates Foundation support the malaria vaccine development?

3. Where did Dr. Michael Kayange work in?

滑动查看答案

Q1

Ghana, Kenya and Malawi.

Q2

More than 20 years.

Q3

Malawi's Ministry of Health.

今天是小芳老师陪你精读外刊的第7天

检查一下，你学到了吗？

1. 疟疾 malaria 2. 疫苗 vaccine 3. 流行病 pandemic 4. 免疫 Immunization

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