新加坡财政部长黄循财：政府是这样减轻大家过度负债的风险

2024年4月3日，盛港集选区议员何廷儒在国会上，向当时还是副总理的黄循财

关于银行和非银行金融机构相关问题。

以下内容为新加坡眼根据国会英文资料翻译整理：

新加坡银行和非银行金融机构贷款允许的最高利率和逾期付款费用何廷儒（盛港集选区）女士向总理提问：

（a）银行和非银行金融机构对个人在新加坡的有担保和无担保贷款是否有最高利率和逾期付款费用？

（b）如果有，这些利率和费用分别是多少？

（c）如果没有，新加坡金融管理局（MAS）是否会考虑引入此类最高限额？

黄循财：金融机构对消费贷款收取的利率和费用是金融机构的商业决策，受到市场竞争、当前市场利率以及贷款风险和成本的影响。借款人应仔细评估贷款条款和条件，包括贷款的定价，以确保他们能够负担得起。

新加坡金融管理局期望金融机构公平对待客户，并向客户明确有关贷款成本和费用的关键信息。对于信用卡和其他无担保信贷，逾期付款费用和利息是最重要的潜在收费。

新加坡金融管理局要求金融机构在客户对账单中清晰、显著地披露这些费用，包括它们是如何计算的。如果客户未能全额支付前一个月的账单，银行必须在当月对账单中提供一个客户将承担的总费用，包括本金、利息、费用（如财务费用）和收费（如逾期付款费用）的预测，以及如果客户仅支付最低付款且无新交易，完全偿还所有未偿余额所需的时间。

对于房贷，金融机构必须向借款人提供一份概述贷款主要特征的事实性清单，包括可能的费用和罚款。金融机构还必须提供利率的详细信息，向借款人解释抵押贷款每月分期付款在参考利率变化时如何变动。更广泛地说，新加坡银行协会的《消费者银行业务守则》规定了银行应在何时以及如何向客户传达更广泛的主要条款和条件的信息，包括年费、还款宽限期和利率。国家金融教育计划“理财智库”通过其网站和社交媒体提醒消费者负责任地使用信用。

主要内容是消费者要量入为出，并偿还任何高利息债务。“理财智库”还经常教导公众评估房产的可负担性以及了解抵押贷款的运作方式。

通过透明的费用和收费，再加上金融素养，消费者将更有能力做出符合其财务目标的决策，并选择最适合其需求的产品。这些措施也是新加坡金融管理局对金融机构要求的一部分，以减轻消费者过度负债的风险，我们在先前的国会质询中已强调过这些要求。

以下是英文质询内容：

Ms He Ting Ruasked the Prime Minister (a) whether there are maximum (i) interest rates for secured and unsecured loans and (ii) late payment fees, that banks and non-bank financial institutions can charge individuals in Singapore; (b) if so, what are such rates and fees respectively; and (c) if not, whether MAS will consider introducing such maximum limits.

Mr Lawrence Wong (for the Prime Minister): Interest rates and fees charged by financial institutions (FIs) on consumer loans are commercial decisions by FIs, which are influenced by market competition, prevailing market interest rates, and the risks and costs of lending.

Borrowers should carefully assess loan terms and conditions, including the pricing of the loans to ensure that they can afford the loans. The Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) expects FIs to deal fairly with and disclose key information to their customers about the costs and fees associated with their loans.

For credit cards and other unsecured credit facilities, late payment fees and interest charges are the most significant potential charges. MAS requires FIs to disclose these charges clearly and conspicuously in customers' statements, including how they are computed. Where a customer has not paid the prior month's bill in full, the bank is required to provide in the current month's statement a projection of the total amount he would incur, including principal, interest, fees and charges; and the length of time that the customer will take to fully pay off the entire outstanding balance if he only makes the minimum payment and where no new transactions are made.

For property loans, FIs must provide borrowers with a fact sheet highlighting the key features of the loan, including possible fees and penalties. FIs must also provide details on the interest rates charged and explain, where applicable, how a borrower’s monthly mortgage instalments would change where reference rates vary.

More generally, the Association of Banks in Singapore's Code of Consumer Banking Practice specifies when and how banks should communicate to customers relevant information on a broader range of principal terms and conditions, including annual fees, repayment grace periods and interest rates.

Our national financial education programme, MoneySense, has been reminding consumers through its website and social media posts on the responsible use of credit. The main messages are for consumers to spend within their means and to pay down any high interest-bearing debt. MoneySense also regularly educates the public on assessing the affordability of a property as well as how mortgage loans work.

With transparent fees and charges, coupled with financial literacy, consumers will be better equipped to make decisions that align with their financial goals and select products that best suit their needs. These measures complement other MAS requirements on FIs to mitigate the risk of consumer over-indebtedness, which we have highlighted in previous Parliamentary Queries.

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