新加坡政府采取多种手段打击AI换脸犯罪行为

2024年5月8日，新加坡内政部长尚穆根先生在国会书面答复苏慧敏议员政府如何打击“深伪”图像或视频实施犯罪的问题。

以下内容为新加坡眼根据国会英文资料翻译整理：

针对利用“深伪”图像或视频实施犯罪的罪犯的措施

21苏慧敏女士询问内政部长是否有足够的保护措施来防止犯罪者似乎越来越多地利用“深伪”图像或视频实施各种犯罪（包括威胁和勒索）的犯罪者。

尚穆根先生：内政部一直在与新加坡通讯和信息部、资讯通信媒体发展局（IMDA）和网络安全局合作，共同应对涉及深伪或以其他方式由人工智能协助的犯罪。

《网络犯罪危害法令》（OCHA）允许政府向网络服务提供商发出指示，以防止网络犯罪活动与新加坡用户互动或接触。其中包括用于实施威胁和勒索等犯罪行为的深伪图像或视频。

《网络犯罪危害法令》还允许我们要求指定网络服务提供商制定措施，以阻止诈骗和恶意网络活动，包括由"深伪"提供便利的活动。这些措施将在今年推出的《互联网行为准则》中加以规定。

此外，《防范网络假信息和网络操纵法》（POFMA）使政府能够在符合公共利益的情况下发布更正，并标记对公众具有欺骗性或误导性的“深伪”产品。该法令还允许政府发布禁用指令，限制新加坡最终用户访问此类“深伪”产品。

政府还将继续加强我们的技术能力以应对这些威胁。例如，新加坡警察部队正在与内政部科技局合作，开发检测人工智能生成的音频和视频的技术。由通讯及新闻部发起，并由科技研究局主办的网络安全先进技术中心也在开发工具，以检测有害网络内容（包括“深伪”）。尽管如此，这是一个严峻的挑战，技术会不断进步，很难解决所有问题。

以下是英文质询内容：

MEASURES AGAINST PERPETRATORS WHO ADOPT DEEPFAKE IMAGES OR VIDEOS TO COMMIT OFFENCES

21Ms Hany Sohasked the Minister for Home Affairs whether there are sufficient protective measures against perpetrators who appear to be increasingly adopting deepfake images or videos to commit various offences, including making of threats and extortion.

Mr K Shanmugam: The Ministry of Home Affairs has been working with the Ministry of Communications and Information, the Infocomm Media Development Authority and the Cyber Security Agency of Singapore to address crimes which involve deepfakes, or which are otherwise facilitated by Artificial Intelligence.

The Online Criminal Harms Act (OCHA), allows the Government to issue directions to online service providers to prevent online criminal activities from interacting with or reaching Singapore users. These include deepfake images or videos used to commit offences, such as the making of threats and extortion.

OCHA also allows us to require providers of designated online services to put in place measures to disrupt scams and malicious cyber activities, including those facilitated by deepfakes. These measures will be stipulated in the Codes of Practice which will be introduced this year.

In addition, the Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act (POFMA), enables the Government to issue corrections and label deepfakes that are deceptive or misleading to the public, where there is public interest to do so. POFMA also allows the Government to issue disabling directions to restrict access by Singapore end-users to such deepfakes.

The Government will also continue to strengthen our technical capabilities to deal with these threats. For example, the Singapore Police Force is working with the Home Team Science and Technology Agency to develop technologies to detect AI-generated audios and videos. The Centre for Advanced Technologies in Online Safety, an initiative by the Ministry of Communications and Information and hosted by the Agency for Science, Technology and Research, is also building tools to detect harmful online content, including deepfakes. That said, this is a serious challenge and technologies will continuously evolve. It is difficult to pick up all cases.

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